Epidemiological Analysis and the Nomogram for Possible Risk Factors for Severe Microtia

Area of Science:

• Medical Genetics
• Developmental Biology
• Public Health

Background:

• Microtia is a significant congenital malformation affecting external ear development.
• Understanding its epidemiologic characteristics and risk factors is crucial for prevention.
• This study focuses on severe microtia cases in China.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the epidemiologic features of severe microtia in China.
• To identify potential risk factors associated with severe microtia.
• To develop a predictive nomogram for severe microtia risk assessment.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective case study of 965 microtia patients (July 2014-July 2019).
• Data collection via questionnaires on potential risk factors.
• Statistical analysis using Chi-Square, Fisher tests, and multivariate logistic regression.
• Nomogram construction and validation using concordance index, calibration plots, and ROC curves.

Main Results:

• Severe microtia predominantly affects males (65.2%), is often unilateral (83.1%) and right-sided (52.0%), and frequently co-occurs with other malformations (40.6%).
• Associated risk factors include advanced maternal age, frequent miscarriages, viral infections, anemia, progesterone use, paternal alcohol consumption, and living area topography.
• A predictive nomogram demonstrated good performance (C-index = 0.755, validated C-index = 0.749).

Conclusions:

• The findings align with previous studies on microtia phenotypes.
• A validated nomogram provides a tool for scientific guidance in individualized microtia prevention.
• Identifying specific risk factors enables targeted public health interventions.