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Published on: September 1, 2016
Targeting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress as a Therapy for Ischemic Kidney Injury
N V Andrianova1,2, D B Zorov3,4, E Y Plotnikov3,4,5
1Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
Abstract:
Inflammation and oxidative stress are the main pathological processes that accompany ischemic injury of kidneys and other organs. Based on this, these factors are often chosen as a target for treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a variety of experimental and clinical studies. Note, that since these two components are closely interrelated during AKI development, substances that treat one of the processes often affect the other. The review considers several groups of promising nephroprotectors that have both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. For example, many antioxidants, such as vitamins, polyphenolic compounds, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, not only reduce production of the reactive oxygen species in the cell but also modulate activity of the immune cells. On the other hand, immunosuppressors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that primarily affect inflammation also reduce oxidative stress under some conditions. Another group of therapeutics is represented by hormones, such as estrogens and melatonin, which significantly reduce severity of the kidney damage through modulation of both these processes. We conclude that drugs with combined anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities are the most promising agents for the treatment of acute ischemic kidney injury.
Insights
Targeting inflammation and oxidative stress is key for treating acute kidney injury (AKI). Drugs with combined anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects show the most promise for kidney protection.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Pathophysiology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Inflammation and oxidative stress are central to ischemic kidney injury.
- These processes are closely intertwined in acute kidney injury (AKI) development.
- Targeting these pathways is a focus for experimental and clinical AKI research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review promising nephroprotective agents for acute ischemic kidney injury.
- To evaluate therapeutic strategies targeting both inflammation and oxidative stress.
- To identify the most effective treatments for AKI.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of experimental and clinical studies on AKI treatments.
- Analysis of compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
- Categorization of nephroprotectors based on their mechanisms of action.
Main Results:
- Antioxidants (e.g., vitamins, polyphenols) reduce reactive oxygen species and modulate immune cells.
- Anti-inflammatory drugs can also mitigate oxidative stress in certain conditions.
- Hormones like estrogens and melatonin reduce kidney damage by modulating both processes.
Conclusions:
- Agents possessing both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities are most promising for treating acute ischemic kidney injury.
- Combined-action drugs offer a more comprehensive therapeutic approach.
- Further research into these dual-action agents is warranted for AKI treatment.
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