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Self-sorting in supramolecular assemblies.

Charlotte H Chen1, Liam C Palmer, Samuel I Stupp

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. s-stupp@northwestern.edu.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Supramolecular self-sorting of peptide amphiphiles (PA) was observed, driven by differing co-assembly propensities of fluorophore-conjugated molecules. Ionic strength influences this self-sorting behavior in complex peptide assemblies.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Living organisms utilize supramolecular self-assembly for hierarchical structures.
  • Understanding co-assembly vs. self-sorting in multicomponent systems is crucial for materials design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the self-sorting behavior of peptide amphiphiles (PAs) modified with different fluorophores.
  • To elucidate the factors governing co-assembly versus self-sorting in these systems.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of peptide amphiphiles (PAs) with minimal fluorophore conjugation (0.7 mol%).
  • Utilized fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) for labeling.
  • Employed confocal microscopy, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP).

Main Results:

  • Observed self-sorting of FITC-PA and TAMRA-PA, with TAMRA-PA forming micron-scale domains and FITC-PA remaining dispersed.
  • FITC conjugation disrupted co-assembly with unlabeled PAs due to its negative charge, while TAMRA conjugation (zwitterionic) did not.
  • Self-sorting was mediated by differential co-assembly propensities, not direct fluorophore interactions.
  • Increased ionic strength promoted mixing by reducing electrostatic barriers.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorophore conjugation significantly impacts PA co-assembly behavior, leading to self-sorting.
  • The thermodynamic driving forces for self-sorting are subtle and depend on molecular properties and environmental conditions.
  • This work provides insights into controlling molecular organization in complex supramolecular systems.