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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 14, 2025

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
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Parathyroid hormone levels and aging: Effect on balance.

Lavanya Murthy1, Gustavo Duque1

  • 1Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia.

Vitamins and Hormones
|March 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Falls in older adults are a major health concern. This chapter explores how parathyroid hormone (PTH) may impact balance and increase fall risk, focusing on its effects on aging muscles.

Keywords:
AgingBalanceFallsFrailtyMuscleParathyroid hormoneSarcopeniaVitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Endocrinology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Falls are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in older adults.
  • Impaired balance is a primary risk factor for falls in the elderly population.
  • While vitamin D's role in falls is well-researched, the impact of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is gaining attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between parathyroid hormone (PTH) and aging.
  • To discuss the biological mechanisms by which PTH affects muscle.
  • To summarize current knowledge on the association between PTH levels and balance disturbances in older individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on PTH, aging, muscle physiology, and balance.
  • Synthesis of existing research on calciotropic hormones and fall risk.
  • Focus on studies investigating PTH's direct or indirect effects on neuromuscular function relevant to balance.

Main Results:

  • Elevated PTH levels are linked to age-related conditions like frailty, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia.
  • Existing research predominantly examines PTH's effect on muscle strength, with limited data on balance.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a potential role for PTH in balance impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is increasingly recognized as a factor influencing health outcomes in aging.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms linking PTH to balance deficits and fall risk.
  • Understanding PTH's role could lead to novel strategies for fall prevention in older adults.