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Insulin and aging.

Mirian Ayumi Kurauti1, Gabriela Moreira Soares2, Carine Marmentini2

  • 1Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Maringa (UEM), Maringa, Parana, Brazil.

Vitamins and Hormones
|March 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Aging impairs insulin action, a key hormone regulating metabolism and growth. Improving insulin function may promote healthier aging and longevity, reducing disease risk.

Keywords:
ElderlyHealthInsulin actionInsulin clearanceInsulin resistanceInsulin secretionInsulin sensitivityLifespanLongevityOld age

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Endocrinology

Background:

  • Aging is a natural process involving progressive decline in physiological functions, increasing mortality risk.
  • Age-related diseases like obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer's, and cardiovascular conditions are linked to impaired insulin action.
  • Insulin is a vital hormone regulating metabolism, growth, proliferation, and differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the impact of aging on insulin action.
  • To highlight the role of insulin impairment in age-related diseases and mortality.
  • To propose improving insulin action as a strategy for healthier aging.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature on aging and insulin.
  • Analysis of physiological mechanisms underlying insulin secretion, clearance, and sensitivity.
  • Examination of the link between aging, insulin resistance, and age-related pathologies.

Main Results:

  • Aging negatively affects insulin secretion, clearance, and target tissue sensitivity.
  • Impaired insulin action is a significant factor in the increased vulnerability to diseases and death during aging.
  • The deterioration of insulin function contributes to major age-related pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • Aging compromises critical mechanisms of insulin regulation and action.
  • Therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing insulin action could be key for promoting healthy longevity.
  • Interventions targeting insulin pathways may mitigate age-associated diseases and improve lifespan.