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Role of hormones in sarcopenia
T Priego1, A I Martín1, D González-Hedström2
1Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Vitamins and Hormones
|March 12, 2021
Summary
Aging leads to sarcopenia, a loss of muscle mass and strength, driven by hormonal changes. Declining growth hormone, IGF-I, testosterone, and other hormones contribute to muscle decline, impacting mobility and independence.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Gerontology
- Muscle Physiology
Background:
- Aging is characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass and strength, a condition known as sarcopenia.
- Sarcopenia results from factors including lifestyle, nutrition, inflammation, and neurological changes.
- Endocrine system alterations during aging play a critical role in sarcopenia development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the significant role of endocrine changes in aging-related sarcopenia.
- To discuss the impact of declining hormones on muscle mass, strength, and function.
- To review potential therapeutic applications of hormones in treating sarcopenia.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on aging, sarcopenia, and hormonal changes.
- Analysis of the effects of specific hormones (GH, IGF-I, sex hormones, etc.) on muscle.
- Discussion of the role of adipokines and catabolic hormones in muscle wasting.
Main Results:
- Aging is associated with reduced secretion of anabolic hormones like growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), testosterone, and estradiol.
- Altered IGF-I signaling and decreased insulin sensitivity negatively impact muscle development (myogenesis).
- Declining levels of dehydroepiandrosterone, thyroid hormones, vitamin D, and altered adipokine profiles contribute to sarcopenia.
Conclusions:
- Hormonal changes are central to age-related muscle loss and functional decline.
- Catabolic hormones like cortisol and angiotensin II exacerbate muscle atrophy with age.
- Hormone-based therapies may offer potential strategies for managing and treating sarcopenia.
Keywords:
AdiponectinAngiotensin IICortisolEstrogensIGF-IInsulinLeptinSarcopeniaSkeletal muscle atrophyTestosteroneMore Related Videos
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