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Bronchiolitis and SARS-CoV-2.

Gregorio Paolo Milani1,2, Valentina Bollati2, Luca Ruggiero3

  • 1Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Lombardia, Italy.

Archives of Disease in Childhood
|March 12, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) circulation in infants before February 2020. However, the research indicates SARS-CoV-2 can cause bronchiolitis requiring hospitalization.

Keywords:
COVID-19epidemiologyvirology

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Speculation suggested SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) circulated in Western countries before February 2020.
  • Investigating early SARS-CoV-2 spread is crucial for understanding pandemic origins and public health responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis of pre-February 2020 SARS-CoV-2 circulation in infants.
  • To determine if SARS-CoV-2 can cause bronchiolitis in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nasal swabs from infants admitted to Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, between November 2019 and April 2020.
  • Infants were categorized with either bronchiolitis or a non-infectious disease.
  • RT-PCR testing was performed to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in 218 infants with bronchiolitis and 49 infants with non-infectious diseases between November 2019 and February 2020.
  • Two infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between March and April 2020.
  • This indicates SARS-CoV-2 was not circulating widely among infants prior to the official outbreak.

Conclusions:

  • The study does not support the hypothesis of early SARS-CoV-2 circulation in infants before the official outbreak.
  • Findings suggest SARS-CoV-2 can cause bronchiolitis requiring hospitalization in infants.
  • This highlights a potential pediatric manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection.