Practices toward presumptive tuberculosis clients among patent medicine vendors in Ebonyi State Nigeria

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of ill-health and death globally but a serious challenge to its control is low case notification. In low- and middle-income countries, most patients with symptoms of the disease first seek care from patent medicine vendors (PMVs) who are not formerly trained to manage TB. The practices of PMVs toward presumptive TB are pivotal to control of TB.

The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of practices toward presumptive TB and assess their determinants among PMVs.

The study was carried out in Ebonyi State Nigeria using descriptive cross-sectional design. Through a multistage sampling, 250 PMVs were selected and interviewed. Data were collected using pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to determine factors associated with practices toward presumptive TB with P value set at 0.05 for statistical significance.

Almost half (48.8%) of the respondents engaged in poor practices by inadequate referral of clients (45.2%), delayed referral (69.6%), and unstandardized treatment with antibiotics (56.4%). There was no statistically significant association between independent variables and practice and none of the variables significantly predicted practice.

There were poor practices toward presumptive TB shown in inadequate referral, delayed referral, and unstandardized treatment of clients. We recommend that PMVs should be trained and regularly sensitized about TB to improve their practices and that regulatory authorities should enforce policies on antibiotics distribution and sale.