Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

419
Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
419
Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

456
Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
456
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

284
Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
284
Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management01:26

Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management

225
Medical treatment strategies for peptic ulcers encompass various methods. The primary goal of treatment is to diminish gastric acidity and strengthen mucosal defense mechanisms.
The therapeutic approach involves ensuring adequate rest, implementing drug therapy, promoting smoking cessation, making dietary modifications, and emphasizing long-term follow-up care.
Pharmacological management
The prevailing therapy for peptic ulcers involves a combination of managing the patient's current...
225
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

494
Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
494
Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding01:15

Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding

440
Enteral nutrition encompasses various methods of delivering nutrition directly to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, bypassing traditional oral intake. It is particularly beneficial for patients who cannot eat by mouth but have a functioning digestive system. Key methods include nasointestinal feeding, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy, each suited to different clinical scenarios based on the patient's needs and condition.
Nasointestinal Feeding
Nasointestinal feeding involves placing a tube...
440

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Three vs. Four Cycles of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Localized Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Undergoing Radical Cystectomy: A Retrospective Multi-Institutional Analysis.

Frontiers in oncology·2021
Same author

The microbiological profile of patients with Fournier's gangrene: A retrospective multi-institutional cohort study.

Urologia·2021
Same author

Rotterdam mobile phone app including MRI data for the prediction of prostate cancer: A multicenter external validation.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology·2021
Same author

The Influence of Endogenous Testosterone on Incidental Prostate Cancer after Transurethral Prostate Resection.

Urologia internationalis·2021
Same author

Corrigendum to 'Development of a Novel Risk Score to Select the Optimal Candidate for Cytoreductive Nephrectomy Among Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Results from a Multi-institutional Registry (REMARCC)' [European Urology Oncology 3 (2021) 256-263].

European urology oncology·2021
Same author

Cytokines as Targets of Novel Therapies for Graves' Ophthalmopathy.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2021
Same journal

The interplay between genetic and lifestyle obesity-related risk factors could be an important reason for the increasing epidemic of diabetes mellitus.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same journal

Association of the serum uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with in-hospital mortality in patients with acute kidney injury: a retrospective cohort study.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same journal

Albuminuria, but not eGFR, tracks diabetic retinopathy severity and retinal ischemia: population-based discovery, clinical replication, and OCTA evidence.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same journal

Hydrogen sulfide donor sodium hydrosulfide modulates ovarian steroidogenesis and follicular integrity in a DHEA-induced rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same journal

Development of a risk stratification tool for rapidly progressive diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same journal

Data mining and clinical observational study on the association between smoking and premature ovarian insufficiency.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 14, 2025

Tissue Engineering of the Intestine in a Murine Model
08:45

Tissue Engineering of the Intestine in a Murine Model

Published on: December 1, 2012

15.2K

L-T4 Therapy in Enteric Malabsorptive Disorders.

Poupak Fallahi1, Silvia Martina Ferrari2, Giusy Elia2

  • 1Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|March 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New liquid and soft gel levothyroxine (L-T4) formulations improve thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) control in patients with malabsorption issues. These novel oral options overcome common L-T4 absorption impairments, offering better hypothyroidism management.

Keywords:
TSHenteric malabsorptive disordersfood interferencehypothyroidismlevothyroxine

More Related Videos

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model
05:41

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.2K
Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices
06:34

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Published on: November 29, 2024

441

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 14, 2025

Tissue Engineering of the Intestine in a Murine Model
08:45

Tissue Engineering of the Intestine in a Murine Model

Published on: December 1, 2012

15.2K
Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model
05:41

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.2K
Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices
06:34

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Published on: November 29, 2024

441

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Levothyroxine (L-T4) absorption is frequently impaired by food, reduced gastric acidity, intestinal diseases (celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease), bariatric surgery, and certain medications.
  • Standard L-T4 tablets achieve suboptimal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) control in approximately 10-15% of hypothyroidism patients, often necessitating dose adjustments that risk iatrogenic hyperthyroidism.
  • Novel oral formulations, including liquid preparations and soft gel capsules, have been developed to address these absorption challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of new oral levothyroxine (L-T4) formulations in managing hypothyroidism, particularly in patients with impaired L-T4 absorption.
  • To compare the TSH control achieved with liquid L-T4 and soft gel L-T4 formulations against traditional L-T4 tablets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical studies assessing liquid L-T4 and soft gel L-T4 formulations.
  • Analysis of patient populations with conditions affecting L-T4 absorption, including celiac disease, lactose intolerance, and post-bariatric surgery.
  • Comparison of TSH levels and treatment outcomes between different L-T4 formulations.

Main Results:

  • Liquid L-T4 effectively overcomes interference from food and beverages, bypasses issues related to increased gastric pH, and addresses malabsorption post-bariatric surgery.
  • Liquid L-T4 demonstrated superior TSH control compared to L-T4 tablets in hypothyroid patients with celiac disease or lactose intolerance.
  • Soft gel L-T4 has shown promising results in patients with gastric-related malabsorption or those affected by coffee consumption, though further research is needed.

Conclusions:

  • New liquid and soft gel L-T4 formulations represent significant advancements in hypothyroidism therapy, offering improved absorption and TSH control.
  • Liquid L-T4 is particularly beneficial for patients with swallowing difficulties and various malabsorption syndromes.
  • Further investigation into the efficacy of these novel formulations across a broader range of absorption-altering conditions is warranted.