Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

4.1K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
4.1K
Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

10.0K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
10.0K
Blinding01:11

Blinding

3.7K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
3.7K
Crossover Experiments01:16

Crossover Experiments

4.3K
Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
4.3K
What is an Experiment?01:12

What is an Experiment?

16.9K
An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
16.9K
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

253
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
253

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Role of community pharmacy in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in minority ethnic groups in the UK including barriers and facilitators: a mixed-methods systematic review.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Real-world changes in lipid-lowering therapy use and LDL-C goal attainment in high and very high cardiovascular risk patients in the UK: a secondary analysis of the European SANTORINI study 1-year follow-up.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Can the T and Minimal Protrusion (TAP) Technique be Considered as an Up-Front 2-Stent Strategy for True Distal Left Main Stem Bifurcation?

Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions·2026
Same author

Optimizing lipid-lowering therapy for acute coronary syndrome using a decision support system: insights from a cluster randomized trial.

European heart journal. Digital health·2026
Same author

Assessment of calcium characteristics in chronic total occlusion using computed tomography coronary angiogram and implications for percutaneous coronary intervention.

Journal of cardiovascular computed tomography·2025
Same author

Advancing Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Metabolic Medicine: A Narrative Review of Insights and Innovations for the Future.

Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders·2025
Same journal

The Harrowing Status of Research and Medical Practice in Countries Affected by War.

European cardiology·2026
Same journal

Intracardiac Thrombi in Behçet's Disease: Systematic Review of 218 Patients' Clinical Characteristics and Treatments.

European cardiology·2026
Same journal

Commissural and Coronary Alignment Strategies in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Success Rate and Risks.

European cardiology·2026
Same journal

Myosin Inhibition in Non-obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Lessons from ODYSSEY-HCM.

European cardiology·2026
Same journal

Cardiac Diseases in Sudan 1970-2025: Current Situation and Future Prospects.

European cardiology·2026
Same journal

Bidirectional Block Assessment Techniques During Cavotricuspid Isthmus Ablation: A Comprehensive Review.

European cardiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 14, 2025

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
04:53

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

10.9K

The EXCEL Trial: The Interventionalists' Perspective.

George William Hunter1, Vinoda Sharma1, Chetan Varma1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust Birmingham, UK.

European Cardiology
|March 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Left main stem (LMS) disease management has evolved with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) advancements. Current literature and trials like EXCEL inform updated treatment strategies for this critical coronary artery subset.

Keywords:
EXCELLeft main stemMIcoronary artery bypass graftingmajor adverse cardiovascular eventspercutaneous coronary interventiontarget lesion revascularisation

More Related Videos

Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function
10:28

Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function

Published on: March 15, 2022

5.5K
E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
06:28

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 14, 2025

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
04:53

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

10.9K
Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function
10:28

Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function

Published on: March 15, 2022

5.5K
E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
06:28

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Left main stem (LMS) disease affects up to 5% of diagnostic angiography cases, posing significant morbidity and mortality risks.
  • Historically, surgical intervention was standard, but percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has gained prominence.
  • Recent European and International guidelines reflect evolving management strategies for LMS disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of current literature on managing LMS disease with PCI.
  • To discuss new developments and emerging concepts in PCI for LMS lesions.
  • To analyze the impact of recent trials, such as the EXCEL trial, on clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on LMS disease management.
  • Analysis of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) strategies and technologies.
  • Examination of data from key clinical trials, including the EXCEL trial.

Main Results:

  • PCI strategies for LMS disease have significantly evolved over the past decade.
  • New evidence and technological advancements are reshaping treatment paradigms.
  • Recent trials provide critical data influencing updated clinical guidance.

Conclusions:

  • PCI is an increasingly viable and evidence-based option for select LMS disease patients.
  • Ongoing research and technological innovation continue to refine PCI approaches for LMS disease.
  • Updated guidelines reflect the growing role of PCI in LMS disease management.