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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

2.1K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
2.1K
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

174
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
174
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

213
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
213
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

1.8K
The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
1.8K
Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

231
The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
231
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

141
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
141

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 14, 2025

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

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Pathophysiology of heart failure.

Robert H G Schwinger1

  • 1Kardiologie, Nephrologie/Hypertonie, Pneumologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Klinik II, Klinikum Weiden, Weiden, Germany.

Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy
|March 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Heart failure affects 1-2% of the global population. Understanding its cellular changes and neurohormonal activation is key to managing this epidemic disease with targeted therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Heart failure is a widespread epidemic affecting 1-2% of the global population.
  • Disease etiology and phenotype vary significantly.
  • Cardiac injury triggers cellular, structural, and neurohumoral changes, leading to a detrimental cycle of dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pathophysiology of heart failure.
  • To highlight diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • To emphasize the importance of individualized treatment and prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cellular and intercellular behavior changes.
  • Analysis of neurohumoral system activation (sympathoadrenergic, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone).
  • Evaluation of diagnostic tools (echocardiography, NT-proBNP, cardiac catheterization) and therapeutic interventions (ß-blockers, ACE-inhibitors, ARNI).
Keywords:
HFpEFHFrEFHeart failurepathophysiologytreatment of heart failure

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A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
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Main Results:

  • Cardiac injury initiates a vicious cycle of cellular dysfunction and neurohormonal activation.
  • Clinical symptoms include progressive deterioration, volume overload, tachycardia, and dyspnea.
  • Elevated neurohormones and natriuretic peptides (NT-pro BNP) indicate cellular dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding heart failure pathophysiology is crucial for personalized therapeutic strategies.
  • Pharmacological interventions like ß-blockers, ACE-inhibitors, and ARNI improve outcomes in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.
  • Prevention of cardiovascular risk factors is essential for reducing heart failure incidence.