Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression
07:30

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

Published on: June 15, 2019

10.3K

Case Report: Use of Anakinra in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome During COVID-19 Pandemic

Sara Della Paolera1, Erica Valencic2, Elisa Piscianz2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|March 12, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, shows promise for treating severe Pediatric Multi-inflammatory Syndrome (PIMS-TS) or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) in children, especially those with shock unresponsive to standard treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric rheumatology
  • Infectious diseases
  • Critical care medicine

Background:

  • Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a severe condition linked to COVID-19, presenting with features similar to Kawasaki disease.
  • MIS-C can lead to critical complications such as myocarditis and shock.
  • Current treatments include intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and systemic glucocorticoids, but responses can be variable.

Observation:

  • Two pediatric patients with MIS-C complicated by shock showed poor response to IVIG and glucocorticoids.
  • Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, was administered to these patients.
  • Both patients experienced rapid clinical and biochemical improvement after anakinra treatment.

Findings:

  • Anakinra demonstrated a favorable safety profile in these severe MIS-C cases.
  • IL-1 blockade with anakinra appears effective in managing refractory MIS-C with shock.
  • This suggests anakinra as a potential therapeutic option for severe pediatric inflammatory syndromes associated with COVID-19.

Implications:

  • Further controlled clinical trials are warranted to confirm anakinra's efficacy and safety in MIS-C.
  • Establishing precise criteria for anakinra use in MIS-C patients is crucial.
  • Anakinra may offer a new treatment avenue for children with severe COVID-19-related inflammatory conditions.

Keywords:
COVID-19IL-1KawasakiMISC-CPIMS-TSSARS-CoV-2anakinra

More Related Videos

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-1906:29

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19

Published on: May 25, 2022

2.5K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Polyfunctionality and Heterogeneity in Immune Responses09:43

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Polyfunctionality and Heterogeneity in Immune Responses

Published on: March 8, 2024

2.1K

Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...