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Protein tyrosine phosphatases in cell adhesion
Katherine A Young1, Laura Biggins2, Hayley J Sharpe1
1Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, U.K.
The Biochemical Journal
|March 12, 2021
Summary
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) regulate cell adhesion, crucial for multicellular life. This review explores PTP roles in cell adhesion complexes and Hippo signaling, highlighting their connections and disease relevance.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Cell adhesion structures are vital for multicellular organism development, providing mechanical integrity and mediating intracellular-extracellular communication.
- These adhesive complexes require dynamic remodeling during development, mitosis, and repair, with post-translational modifications acting as regulatory switches.
- Tyrosine phosphorylation, modulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and protein tyrosine kinases, is a key modification in cell adhesion regulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the roles of human protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in major cell adhesion complexes.
- To elucidate the signalling functions of PTPs within cell adhesion, which remain poorly understood.
- To explore the connections between PTPs and cell adhesion through interactome and adhesome data analysis, and to discuss their dysregulation in disease.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on human PTPs and their involvement in cell adhesion.
- Analysis of PTP interactome and cell adhesome datasets to identify unexplored connections.
- Discussion of PTP mechanisms, including direct dephosphorylation and scaffolding functions.
Main Results:
- Several PTPs are implicated in the assembly and maintenance of cell adhesions.
- PTPs can function by directly dephosphorylating adhesion complex components or by acting as scaffolds.
- Extensive, yet relatively unexplored, connections exist between PTPs and cell adhesion complexes, including roles in Hippo signalling.
Conclusions:
- PTPs play multifaceted roles in cell adhesion beyond simple dephosphorylation, acting as critical regulators of adhesion complex dynamics and signalling.
- The interplay between PTPs and cell adhesion is extensive and underexplored, with significant implications for understanding cellular processes.
- Dysregulation of PTPs and cell adhesion is linked to various diseases, underscoring their importance in human health.
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