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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Updated: Nov 13, 2025

Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development
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B-cell capacity for differentiation changes with age.

Xuanxiao Xie1, Jennifer Shrimpton2, Gina M Doody2

  • 1Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

Aging Cell
|March 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults show enhanced B-cell differentiation into plasma cells under T-independent activation, suggesting age-related immune system changes may contribute to autoantibody development.

Keywords:
B-cell differentiationT-cell dependentT-cell independentageing

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Age-related immune deficiencies increase infection susceptibility in older adults.
  • Diminished B cell numbers and reduced immunoglobulin production contribute to loss of humoral immunity in aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the intrinsic B cell differentiation capacity into plasma cells between young and old donors.
  • To assess differentiation under T-cell help (T-dependent) versus Toll-like receptor (TLR) engagement (T-independent) in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • B cells isolated from young (30-38 years) and old (60-64 years) healthy donors.
  • In vitro B cell differentiation model analyzed using flow cytometry for 5 markers.
  • T-dependent (CD40/BCR) and T-independent (TLR7/BCR) activation pathways assessed; antibody secretion and gene expression measured.

Main Results:

  • Both T-dependent (TD) and T-independent (TI) differentiation led to B cell proliferation and plasma cell formation.
  • TI differentiation was faster but yielded fewer viable cells and lower antibody levels compared to TD.
  • Age-related differences in B cell differentiation were minimal in TD conditions; older donors showed enhanced proliferation, viability, differentiation, antibody secretion, and gene expression in TI conditions.

Conclusions:

  • B cell differentiation into plasma cells is comparable between age groups with T-cell help.
  • T-independent differentiation shows age-related enhancements in older donors, suggesting improved capacity.
  • These findings may elucidate the emergence of autoantibodies in aging populations.