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Updated: Nov 13, 2025

Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF
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The minimally invasive interbody selection algorithm for spinal deformity.

Praveen V Mummaneni1, Ibrahim Hussain2, Christopher I Shaffrey3

  • 11Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California.

Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine
|March 12, 2021
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for spinal deformity now has a decision-making framework. The minimally invasive interbody selection algorithm (MIISA) guides surgeons on choosing approaches like ALIF, ACR, LLIF, and TLIF for better outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Spine surgery
  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Minimally invasive spinal techniques

Background:

  • Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is crucial for spinal deformity correction, decompression, and arthrodesis.
  • Current selection criteria for specific interbody approaches in MIS for spinal deformity are lacking.
  • A structured decision-making framework is needed for rational surgical planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the minimally invasive interbody selection algorithm (MIISA) for MIS spinal deformity surgery.
  • To provide a rational framework for selecting among anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), anterior column release (ACR), lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of circumferential MIS (cMIS) for adult spinal deformity (ASD) over 5 years.
Keywords:
MIISAadult spinal deformityalgorithminterbodyminimally invasivespine surgery

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  • Surgeon preferences and segmental lordosis outcomes were evaluated at each lumbar level.
  • A Delphi session with minimally invasive deformity surgeons informed algorithm creation.
  • Comparison of preoperative and 2-year postoperative radiographic and clinical outcomes.
  • Main Results:

    • The MIISA was developed with substantial agreement among 11 surgeons performing 100 cMISs.
    • Surgeons preferred LLIF for L1-4, with ACR used for greater lordosis needs.
    • At L4-5, preferences were LLIF, TLIF, and ALIF; at L5-S1, ALIF and TLIF were preferred.
    • ALIF and ACR demonstrated significant lordosis restoration, while LLIF alone did not.

    Conclusions:

    • The MIISA offers consistent guidance for MIS spinal deformity surgery.
    • The algorithm prioritizes lateral approaches for upper lumbar levels and reserves ACR for significant lordosis correction.
    • Specific interbody choices at L4-5 and L5-S1 depend on desired lordosis restoration.