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Application of RNA Interference in the Pinewood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

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Benzoxazinoids selectively affect maize root-associated nematode taxa.

Md Maniruzzaman Sikder^1,2, Mette Vestergård¹, Tina Kyndt³

¹Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark.

Journal of Experimental Botany

|March 13, 2021

Summary

Plant secondary metabolites called benzoxazinoids impact root nematode communities. While generally reducing nematode abundance, specific compounds and species show varied responses, highlighting selective effects.

Keywords:

Chemical defence plant age rhizosphere root lesion nematode secondary metabolites soil nematodes

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Area of Science:

Plant biology
Soil ecology
Biochemistry

Background:

Plant secondary metabolites play roles in plant defense.
The influence of these compounds on associated microbial and nematode communities is not fully understood.
Benzoxazinoids are a key group of secondary metabolites found in cereals.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of benzoxazinoids on root-associated nematode communities in maize.
To compare nematode communities in maize with and without benzoxazinoid synthesis.

Main Methods:

18S rRNA metabarcoding was used to analyze nematode communities in maize roots and rhizosphere.
Quantitative PCR was employed to assess specific nematode populations.
Correlation analysis linked benzoxazinoid concentrations to nematode abundance.

Main Results:

Maize genotype and age significantly altered nematode community composition.
Benzoxazinoid effects were more pronounced in roots than in the rhizosphere.
Pratylenchus neglectus was enriched in benzoxazinoid-deficient mutants, while Pratylenchus crenatus was reduced.
Benzoxazinoids generally showed negative correlations with nematode abundance, but some positive correlations with plant-parasitic nematodes were observed.

Conclusions:

Benzoxazinoids exert differential and selective effects on soil nematode communities.
The impact varies based on nematode species and specific benzoxazinoid compounds.
Understanding these interactions is crucial for plant defense strategies and soil health.