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Long-term Incidence of Kawasaki Disease in a North American Community: A Population-Based Study

Editt N Taslakian1,2, Chung-Il Wi2,3, Hee Yun Seol2,3,4

  • 1Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.

Pediatric Cardiology
|March 13, 2021
PubMed

Insights

The incidence of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Olmsted County has stabilized since 1994, but appears to be increasing in young children and females. Cardiac complications affect a significant portion of affected children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Epidemiology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Kawasaki disease (KD) is a critical pediatric illness.
  • Understanding KD incidence trends is vital for public health.
  • Longitudinal data in well-defined populations are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the longitudinal incidence of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Olmsted County, MN.
  • To analyze KD incidence trends by age and gender.
  • To assess the rate of cardiac complications in pediatric KD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study utilizing a population-based medical record linkage system.
  • Manual chart reviews to identify and confirm KD cases from 1979 to 2016.
  • Calculation of age- and gender-adjusted incidence rates using 2010 U.S. White population data.

Main Results:

  • 124 pediatric KD cases were identified (median age 3.5 years, 61% male, 85% White).
  • Overall age- and gender-adjusted incidence rates were 9.8 per 100,000 person-years (all ages) and 21.4 (under 5 years).
  • Incidence increased until 1994, then plateaued, with notable increases in children aged 1-5 years and females; 24% experienced cardiac complications.

Conclusions:

  • Kawasaki disease incidence in Olmsted County is stable overall since 1994.
  • Subgroup analysis reveals increasing KD incidence in children aged 1-5 years and females.
  • Rising trends and significant cardiac complication rates warrant further investigation into causative factors.

Keywords:
Cardiac complicationEpidemiologyIncidenceKawasakiPediatrics

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