Genetic liability to insomnia in relation to cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomisation study

The present study aimed to determine the associations between insomnia and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) using Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis. As instrumental variables, we used 208 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with insomnia at the genome-wide significance threshold in a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in the UK Biobank and 23andMe including a total of 397 959 self-reported insomnia cases and 933 057 non-cases. Summary-level data for nine CVDs were obtained from the UK Biobank including 367 586 individuals of European ancestry. After correction for multiple testing, genetic liability to insomnia was associated with higher odds of six CVDs, including peripheral arterial disease (odd ratio (OR) 1.22; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21, 1.33), heart failure (OR 1.21; 95% CI, 1.13, 1.30), coronary artery disease (OR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.14, 1.25), ischaemic stroke (OR 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06, 1.25), venous thromboembolism (OR 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07, 1.19) and atrial fibrillation (OR 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05, 1.15). There were suggestive associations for aortic valve stenosis (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04, 1.32) and haemorrhagic stroke (OR 1.14; 95% CI, 1.00, 1.29) but no association for abdominal aortic aneurysm (OR, 1.14, 95% CI, 0.98, 1.33). The patterns of associations remained with mild attenuation in multivariable MR analyses adjusting for genetically correlated phenotypes and potential mediators, including sleep duration, depression, body mass index, type 2 diabetes and smoking. The present MR study suggests potential causal associations of genetic liability to insomnia with increased risk of a broad range of CVDs.