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Seroprotection for Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus and Measles in Children With Nephrotic Syndrome

M Ajay1, Mukta Mantan2, Aashima Dabas1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and associated Lok Nayak Hospital, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.

Indian Pediatrics
|March 13, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Children with nephrotic syndrome, particularly steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), show reduced protection against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and measles. Booster vaccinations are recommended for these children to ensure adequate immunity.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Nephrotic syndrome can impact immune function and vaccine response.
  • Assessing seroprotective antibody titers is crucial for evaluating vaccine effectiveness in vulnerable pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate seroprotective antibody titers for diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and measles in children with nephrotic syndrome post-immunization.
  • To compare antibody levels between children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS).

Main Methods:

  • Antibody titers against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and measles were measured in 76 children (ages 2-18) with nephrotic syndrome in remission.
  • Participants included children with SSNS and SRNS who had completed essential childhood immunizations.

Main Results:

  • Seroprotection rates were 86.8% for diphtheria, 93.4% for tetanus, 31.6% for pertussis, and 77.6% for measles.
  • Children with SRNS exhibited lower seroprotection rates compared to those with SSNS for diphtheria and tetanus.
  • A significant portion of children had elapsed more than 5 years since their last vaccination (68.4%).

Conclusions:

  • Children with nephrotic syndrome, especially SRNS, have diminished seroprotective antibody titers.
  • Booster doses of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) and measles-rubella (MR) vaccines are recommended for children with nephrotic syndrome to maintain adequate immunity.
Abstract

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