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The effect of spike mutations on SARS-CoV-2 neutralization
Chloe Rees-Spear1, Luke Muir1, Sarah A Griffith1
1Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
Cell Reports
|March 13, 2021
Summary
Antibody responses from early 2020 SARS-CoV-2 infections remain largely effective against new variants. However, some mutated spike proteins reduce antibody potency, emphasizing the need for ongoing vaccine efficacy monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines demonstrate protective efficacy, primarily through neutralizing antibodies targeting the spike protein.
- Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants (e.g., B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1) pose a challenge to existing immunity.
- Understanding the impact of viral mutations on antibody effectiveness is crucial for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the neutralization activity of antibodies against mutated SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins.
- To compare the neutralization sensitivity of different spike variants, including B.1.1.7.
- To assess the effectiveness of antibodies induced by natural infection and vaccination against emerging variants.
Main Methods:
- Utilized mutated spike pseudotypes to model SARS-CoV-2 variants.
- Assessed neutralization by monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal sera from infected individuals.
- Compared neutralization potency against wild-type and variant spike proteins.
Main Results:
- Monoclonal antibody neutralization was significantly reduced against mutated spike proteins.
- Polyclonal antibodies from early 2020 infections showed retained activity against most variants.
- A minority of polyclonal samples exhibited reduced potency against certain mutated spike pseudotypes.
Conclusions:
- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mutations can alter neutralization sensitivity.
- Antibodies from early infections generally maintain effectiveness but with some reduction.
- Continuous monitoring of viral mutations and their impact on vaccine efficacy is essential.
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