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Related Concept Videos

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DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
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Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...
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In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA molecules in cells, tissue, or tissue sections using a labeled probe. The technique was first used in 1969 for the investigation of nucleic acids. It is currently an essential tool in scientific research and clinical settings, especially for diagnostic purposes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 13, 2025

Robust 3D DNA FISH Using Directly Labeled Probes
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A photoaffinity probe that targets folate-binding proteins.

Akihiro Takamura1, Peter S Thuy-Boun2, Seiya Kitamura2

  • 1Departments of Molecular Medicine and Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 3213497, Japan.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters
|March 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel folate probe to identify folate-binding proteins in the gut microbiome. This tool helps study microbial folate roles in health and disease.

Keywords:
Affinity-based photo-activatable probeFolateFolic acidMass spectrometry protein profilingProteomics

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Proteomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Folate is essential for life and plays a key role in host-microbiome interactions.
  • The human gut microbiome's folate metabolism is complex and not fully understood.
  • Identifying folate-binding proteins is crucial for understanding these interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and validate a novel folate-based probe for detecting folate-binding proteins.
  • To investigate the probe's selectivity and efficacy in complex biological samples.
  • To enable the study of microbial folate-binding proteins in the gut microbiome.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a folate-based probe with a photo-crosslinker.
  • Testing probe selectivity against known folate-binding proteins (dihydrofolate reductase) and negative controls (caspase-3, BSA).
  • Affinity-based enrichment and mass spectrometry proteomics of E. coli lysate.

Main Results:

  • The folate probe selectively detected dihydrofolate reductase.
  • No promiscuous labeling was observed with negative control proteins.
  • The probe successfully isolated low-abundance folate-dependent proteins from E. coli lysate.

Conclusions:

  • The developed folate probe is a selective and effective tool for identifying folate-binding proteins.
  • This probe can be used to study the roles of microbial folate-binding proteins in the gut microbiome.
  • The tool has potential applications in understanding health and microbiome-related diseases.