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Atmospheric lead pollution in a typical megacity: Evidence from lead isotopes
Zhenghua Tao1, Qingjun Guo2, Rongfei Wei3
1Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Atmospheric lead (Pb) pollution in Beijing is mainly from human activities like coal combustion and vehicle exhaust, contributing about 85% annually. Seasonal variations in Pb levels are influenced by both pollution sources and weather patterns.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Atmospheric Chemistry
- Geochemistry
Background:
- Atmospheric lead (Pb) pollution poses significant human health risks.
- Identifying the sources and atmospheric processes of lead is crucial for environmental management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify the sources of atmospheric lead in Beijing using Pb concentrations and isotopic composition.
- To analyze seasonal variations in lead pollution and its contributing factors.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of lead concentrations and isotopic composition in fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coal, and street dust.
- Application of a binary model to quantify source contributions.
Main Results:
- Lead concentrations in PM2.5 were significantly higher in winter than in summer.
- Pb isotopic ratios indicated both anthropogenic (coal combustion, vehicle exhaust) and natural sources.
- Anthropogenic sources accounted for approximately 85% of atmospheric lead annually, with natural sources contributing 15%.
Conclusions:
- Coal combustion and vehicle exhaust are dominant sources of atmospheric lead in Beijing.
- Seasonal variations are driven by emission patterns and meteorological conditions.
- Regulation of vehicle emissions and strengthening emission standards are recommended for pollution control.
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