Silicon: A neglected micronutrient essential for bone health.

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Orthopedics
• Nutrition Science

Background:

• Bone matrix primarily consists of collagen.
• In vitro and animal studies indicate silicon's role in collagen-proteoglycan cross-linking, enhancing bone strength and properties.
• Human data on silicon's impact on bone health remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the effectiveness of dietary silicon intake and supplementation on human bone mineral density.
• To propose a potential daily silicon (Si) dosage for bone health benefits.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review of eight eligible studies (four on dietary intake, four on supplementation).
• Analysis included studies on silicon alone or with other micronutrients.
• Total subject count across studies was 10012.

Main Results:

• While evidence is insufficient to establish adequate intake levels, data suggests around 25 mg/day may benefit bone.
• Silicon supplementation combined with calcium and vitamin D showed a potential positive effect on femoral bone mineral density (BMD).
• This combination was more effective than calcium and vitamin D alone.

Conclusions:

• Further research is needed to confirm optimal silicon intake levels for human bone health.
• Dietary silicon intake and supplementation show potential for improving bone mineral density.
• Orthosilicic acid, calcium, and vitamin D combined may offer a beneficial approach to bone health management.