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Optimizing single-chamber pacing in dogs Part 1: Rate determinations, rate interventions and hysteresis
N Sydney Moïse1, Wyatt H Flanders2, Nicholas H Flanders3
1Section of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997)
|March 15, 2021
Summary
Optimizing pacemaker settings for dogs involves understanding their heart rate patterns and available technology. This review details methods for evaluating pacing rates to improve canine cardiac care.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Cardiology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Canine heart rate complexity necessitates tailored pacemaker programming.
- Factors like age, breed, and health influence pacing needs.
- Optimizing pacemaker function aims to improve patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review heart rate analysis techniques for canine pacing.
- To evaluate pacemaker programming options for VVI mode in dogs.
- To guide the selection of appropriate pacing rates and features.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of heart rate profiles: instantaneous, rolling average, simple average.
- Examination of tachograms (heart rate, RR interval) and Poincaré plots.
- Review of VVI pacing features from major manufacturers (Abbott, Biotronik/Dextronix, Medtronic).
Main Results:
- Various heart rate metrics and plots aid in assessing pacing requirements.
- Pacemaker features such as hysteresis and rate response can be optimized.
- Manufacturer-specific programming options offer flexibility in VVI pacing.
Conclusions:
- Understanding canine heart rate dynamics is crucial for effective pacemaker programming.
- Individualized assessment using pacing statistics and Holter monitoring is recommended.
- This review provides a foundation for optimizing VVI pacing in dogs.
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