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Related Concept Videos

Data Collection by Survey01:07

Data Collection by Survey

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The systematic method of obtaining and analyzing accurate information of a population is called data collection. A survey is a standard method of data collection that involves collecting information from a target human population about their experience, opinion, or knowledge of a product, service, or process. The responses are recorded and interpreted. The most common survey examples are written questionnaires, face-to-face or telephonic conversations, focus groups, and electronic (e-mail or...
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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding01:25

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Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
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One-Way ANOVA: Unequal Sample Sizes01:15

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One-way ANOVA can be performed on three or more samples of unequal sizes. However, calculations get complicated when sample sizes are not always the same. So, while performing ANOVA with unequal samples size, the following equation is used:
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Design-based single-mediator approach for complex survey data.

Thanh Pham1, Trung Ha1, Julia N Soulakova1

  • 1Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.

Communications in Statistics: Simulation and Computation
|March 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a new method for testing mediation effects in complex survey data. While cigarette price significantly mediates race/ethnicity and nicotine dependence, its practical impact is minimal.

Keywords:
Balanced repeated replicationsMulti-stage samplingVariance estimation in complex surveys

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Biostatistics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Understanding mediators in health disparities is crucial for targeted interventions.
  • Complex survey data present unique challenges for mediation analysis.
  • Nicotine dependence and its relationship with race/ethnicity require robust analytical methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a two-step statistical approach for testing mediated effects in complex sampling designs.
  • To assess the mediating role of cigarette purchase price in the association between race/ethnicity and nicotine dependence among US daily smokers.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a two-step approach combining design-based multiple linear regressions and a generalized Sobel's method.
  • Utilized data from a study of daily smokers in the U.S., incorporating 18 covariates.
  • Examined nicotine dependence via average cigarettes smoked per day.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant mediated effect of cigarette purchase price was detected.
  • The relative effect size was 5%, indicating low practical significance for cigarette price as a mediator.
  • The proposed methodology demonstrated applicability to complex survey data.

Conclusions:

  • The developed two-step approach effectively tests mediation in complex survey data.
  • Cigarette purchase price plays a statistically significant but practically minor role in mediating the race/ethnicity-nicotine dependence link.
  • The methodology is adaptable for various complex sampling scenarios in public health research.