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Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
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Implications for Emotion: Using Anatomically Based Facial Coding to Compare Emoji Faces Across Platforms.

Jennifer M B Fugate1, Courtny L Franco2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States.

Frontiers in Psychology
|March 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emoji faces often differ anatomically across platforms, impacting emotional communication. Most emojis do not precisely match human facial expressions for emotions, despite shared basic features.

Keywords:
electronic platformsemoji facesemotion perceptionfacial action coding systemfacial expressions

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Emoji faces are prevalent in digital communication, presumed to aid emotional expression.
  • Previous research has not extensively explored emoji perception and cross-platform rendering consistency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate anatomical consistency of emoji faces across platforms.
  • To determine if emoji faces align with human facial expression prototypes for emotions.

Main Methods:

  • Adapted the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) for emoji analysis.
  • Compared anatomical codes of 31 emoji faces across 3 platforms and 2 versions.
  • Evaluated emoji codes against human facial expression prototypes.

Main Results:

  • Emoji faces showed significant anatomical inconsistencies across platforms and versions.
  • Most emoji faces did not accurately represent human facial expressions for emotions.
  • Some emotion categories and platforms exhibited greater anatomical consistency.

Conclusions:

  • Inconsistent emoji rendering affects their perceived emotional meaning.
  • Despite variations, basic anatomical elements in emojis are shared with human expressions.
  • Emotion theories can explain emoji perception despite anatomical discrepancies.