Effect of rosmarinic acid on differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells on titanium surface

Titanium (Ti) is a widely used biomaterial for dental implants because of its outstanding biocompatibility for hard tissues. Osseointegration, the interaction between implanted biomaterials and living cells in bone, is essential for successful implantation. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a plant-derived phytochemical with low toxicity and side effects and has various effects that can be applied as a therapeutic substance. The MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells on the Ti surface in medium with or without 14 μg/ml RA were used to test RA effects on osteoblast differentiation, cell viability and mineralization during differentiation. RA treatment increased osteoblast differentiation, cell viability and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells on Ti surface during differentiation, upregulating Runx-2 and OPG, but downregulating RANKL. This study suggest that RA should be applied as an effective functional and therapeutic substance to enhance osseointegration of osteoblast cells by increasing differentiation, mineralization, and bone formation through the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway during the differentiation in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells on the Ti surface.