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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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Updated: Nov 13, 2025

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
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Circular RNA in tumor metastasis.

Chao Zhang1,2,3, RongFang Ding4, YiCheng Sun1,2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China.

Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids
|March 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression. This review highlights their critical roles in cancer development and metastasis, detailing their diverse molecular mechanisms.

Keywords:
cancercircular RNAgene regulationmetastasis

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs with regulatory functions in gene expression.
  • Cancer metastasis remains a significant challenge in effective cancer treatment.
  • circRNAs have emerged as critical players in cancer progression and metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the involvement of circRNAs in cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis.
  • To discuss the functional mechanisms of tumor-related circRNAs.
  • To explore the indirect roles of circRNAs in cancer progression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on circRNAs in cancer.
  • Categorization of circRNAs based on their functional mechanisms.
  • Discussion of molecular pathways regulated by circRNAs.

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous tumor-related circRNAs and their functions in metastasis.
  • Detailed mechanisms including miRNA sponging, protein binding, and translation.
  • Highlighted indirect roles in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and autophagy.

Conclusions:

  • circRNAs are pivotal in cancer progression and metastasis.
  • Understanding circRNA functions offers potential therapeutic targets.
  • Further research into circRNA mechanisms is crucial for cancer treatment strategies.