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TGF-β1 Signaling: Immune Dynamics of Chronic Kidney Diseases

Philip Chiu-Tsun Tang1, Alex Siu-Wing Chan2, Cai-Bin Zhang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.

Frontiers in Medicine
|March 15, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) drives chronic kidney disease (CKD) by regulating immune cells and promoting fibrosis through macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT). Understanding TGF-β1 signaling offers new therapeutic avenues for CKD.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a significant global health challenge with limited effective treatments.
  • CKD pathogenesis involves progressive inflammation, immune cell dysfunction, and renal fibrosis.
  • Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a key regulator of immune responses and fibrosis in CKD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of TGF-β signaling in renal immunity.
  • To elucidate the novel mechanism of TGF-β1-induced macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) in CKD.
  • To highlight potential therapeutic targets for CKD based on TGF-β1 pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on TGF-β signaling in CKD.
  • Analysis of TGF-β1's canonical and non-canonical pathways in immunocyte regulation.
  • Examination of evidence for MMT in renal fibrosis.

Main Results:

  • TGF-β1 critically influences immune cell activation, proliferation, and apoptosis in the kidney.
  • TGF-β1 promotes CKD progression by fostering an inflammatory microenvironment.
  • Macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) is identified as a novel mechanism driven by TGF-β1.

Conclusions:

  • TGF-β signaling plays a versatile role in the immune dynamics of CKD.
  • Understanding TGF-β1's involvement in MMT is crucial for developing targeted CKD therapies.
  • Further research into TGF-β pathways may unlock novel therapeutic strategies for chronic kidney disease.

Keywords:
chronic kidney diseaseimmunitykidney fibrosisrenal inflammationtransforming growth factor β

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