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Pembrolizumab-Associated Hypoparathyroidism: A Single Case Report
Israa Mahmood1, Nitesh D Kuhadiya2, Michael Gonzalaes1
1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Renown Health, Reno, Nevada.
AACE Clinical Case Reports
|March 15, 2021
Summary
Pembrolizumab therapy can cause immune-mediated hypoparathyroidism, leading to hypocalcemia. Early recognition and treatment of this side effect are crucial for patient recovery.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Endocrinology
- Immunology
Background:
- Pembrolizumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor used in cancer therapy.
- Hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by insufficient parathyroid hormone production, leading to low calcium levels.
- Immune-related adverse events are known complications of immunotherapy.
Observation:
- A patient receiving pembrolizumab for lung adenocarcinoma developed hypocalcemia.
- Diagnostic tests revealed low parathyroid hormone levels, indicating hypoparathyroidism.
- Genetic analysis ruled out a hereditary cause for the condition.
Findings:
- Pembrolizumab treatment was associated with the development of hypoparathyroidism.
- The patient experienced symptoms of fatigue and weakness due to hypocalcemia.
- Treatment with calcium and calcitriol improved the patient's calcium levels and symptoms.
Implications:
- This case highlights a potential immune-mediated adverse effect of pembrolizumab.
- Prompt diagnosis and management of pembrolizumab-induced hypoparathyroidism are essential.
- Further research is needed to understand the incidence and mechanisms of this side effect.
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