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Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

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Pembrolizumab-Associated Hypoparathyroidism: A Single Case Report.

Israa Mahmood¹, Nitesh D Kuhadiya², Michael Gonzalaes¹

¹Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Renown Health, Reno, Nevada.

AACE Clinical Case Reports

|March 15, 2021

Summary

Pembrolizumab therapy can cause immune-mediated hypoparathyroidism, leading to hypocalcemia. Early recognition and treatment of this side effect are crucial for patient recovery.

Keywords:

PTH, parathyroid hormone hypocalcemia hypoparathyroidism pembrolizumab

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Endocrinology
Immunology

Background:

Pembrolizumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor used in cancer therapy.
Hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by insufficient parathyroid hormone production, leading to low calcium levels.
Immune-related adverse events are known complications of immunotherapy.

Observation:

A patient receiving pembrolizumab for lung adenocarcinoma developed hypocalcemia.
Diagnostic tests revealed low parathyroid hormone levels, indicating hypoparathyroidism.
Genetic analysis ruled out a hereditary cause for the condition.

Findings:

Pembrolizumab treatment was associated with the development of hypoparathyroidism.
The patient experienced symptoms of fatigue and weakness due to hypocalcemia.
Treatment with calcium and calcitriol improved the patient's calcium levels and symptoms.

Implications:

This case highlights a potential immune-mediated adverse effect of pembrolizumab.
Prompt diagnosis and management of pembrolizumab-induced hypoparathyroidism are essential.
Further research is needed to understand the incidence and mechanisms of this side effect.