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When war came home: air-raid shock in World War I
1Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
History of Psychiatry
|March 15, 2021
Summary
World War I air raids inflicted combat-like stress on civilians, comparable to the Western Front experience. This psychological trauma, termed air-raid shock, profoundly impacted mental health.
Area of Science:
- History
- Psychology
- Medical History
Background:
- World War I introduced aerial bombardment, targeting civilians and blurring home and war fronts.
- The psychological impact of warfare extended beyond soldiers to the general population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To argue that civilian experiences of World War I air raids were comparable to combat stress.
- To analyze the psychological effects of air raids on civilians.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of contemporary medical journal publications.
- Examination of British authorities' measures against air-raid shock.
- Review of contemporary case records detailing civilian experiences.
Main Results:
- Air raid experiences mirrored combat stress, causing terror and loss of control.
- Civilian "air-raid shock" presented symptoms similar to soldiers' "shell-shock".
Conclusions:
- Air raids constituted a significant source of psychological trauma for civilians during World War I.
- The mental health effects of air raids were profound and comparable to battlefield trauma.
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