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Rodent Model of Masseter Volumetric Muscle Loss for Studying Bioengineering Materials
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Aβ Accumulation in Vmo Contributes to Masticatory Dysfunction in 5XFAD Mice.

H B Kim1, D Kim2, H Kim3

  • 1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Dental Research
|March 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Alzheimer's disease (AD) impairs mastication, evidenced by reduced biting force in 5XFAD mice. Amyloid-beta accumulation in the trigeminal motor nucleus (Vmo) likely causes this masticatory dysfunction.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseamyloid βdementiamasseter musclemasticationtrigeminal motor nucleus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology
  • Animal Models

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive decline and neural circuit disruption.
  • Sensory dysfunctions are recognized early indicators of AD.
  • The link between AD and the masticatory system remains unclear, particularly in animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pathological hallmarks of AD and their impact on masticatory behavior in 5XFAD mice.
  • To establish changes in the masticatory system associated with AD progression.

Main Methods:

  • Assessment of masticatory efficiency and biting force in 5XFAD mice.
  • Evaluation of general motor function.
  • Immunohistochemical analysis of the trigeminal motor nucleus (Vmo) and other cranial motor nuclei for amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, microglia activation, and cell death.
  • Measurement of masseter muscle weight and muscle fiber size.

Main Results:

  • 5XFAD mice exhibited decreased masticatory efficiency and maximum biting force.
  • No significant changes in general motor function were observed.
  • Significant Aβ accumulation, increased microglia, and cell death were found in the Vmo of 5XFAD mice.
  • Reduced masseter muscle weight and muscle fiber size were noted in 5XFAD mice.

Conclusions:

  • Amyloid-beta accumulation in the Vmo contributes to masticatory dysfunction in 5XFAD mice.
  • These findings suggest a strong association between masticatory dysfunction and dementia in Alzheimer's disease.