Premature or early bilateral oophorectomy: a 2021 update

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Medicine
• Gynecology
• Surgical Oncology

Background:

• Premature or early bilateral oophorectomy (removal of both ovaries) before age 45 is controversial.
• Long-term adverse effects and restrictive indications require clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review unresolved issues surrounding early bilateral oophorectomy.
• To emphasize the necessity of estrogen replacement therapy and explore non-medical influences.

Main Methods:

• Review of scientific literature and clinical evidence.
• Analysis of terminology, consequences, indications, and hormone therapy.
• Exploration of psychosocial and socioeconomic factors.

Main Results:

• Bilateral oophorectomy before natural menopause carries significant long-term health risks.
• Estrogen replacement therapy is essential post-oophorectomy until natural menopause age.
• Non-medical factors significantly contribute to the procedure's acceptance.

Conclusions:

• Restrictive indications for bilateral oophorectomy are needed, prioritizing patient well-being.
• Hormone therapy is critical for managing surgical menopause.
• Further research into psychosocial influences on oophorectomy decisions is warranted.