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Peer-based interventions targeting suicide prevention: A scoping review.

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Peers can play a vital role in suicide prevention. This review found diverse peer support services, but more rigorous research is needed to confirm their effectiveness.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health
  • Mental Health Services Research

Background:

  • Individuals at risk for suicide may benefit from peer support.
  • Peer roles in suicide prevention are diverse and require characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of peer-delivered suicide prevention services.
  • To characterize the range of these services and their outcomes.
  • To inform future service delivery and research in suicide prevention.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using terms related to peers and suicide prevention.
  • Abstracts (N=2681), full-text articles (N=286), and references (N=62) were reviewed.
  • A final sample of 84 articles was included in the review.

Main Results:

  • Peer-delivered suicide prevention services include gatekeeping, crisis support, and relapse prevention.
  • Peer providers shared sociodemographic backgrounds, affiliations, or lived mental health experiences.
  • Most studies were descriptive or uncontrolled; only three were randomized controlled trials.

Conclusions:

  • Peer support interventions for suicide prevention are diverse in provider type and function.
  • Despite limited methodological rigor, peer support shows promise.
  • Future services require more robust evaluation of acceptability and effectiveness.