[Modern causes of tracheostomy in children]

The purpose of work is to analyze the causes of tracheostomy in children hospitalized in a large multidisciplinary pediatric hospital.

Retrospective analysis of case of children treated in a multidisciplinary urgent hospital - GBUZ «Morozovskaya CCCH of MDH», which in the period from 01.01.16 to 31.12.18 was made operation «tracheostomy» was conducted.

Tracheostomy was performed in 138 (0.064%) among 216 469 hospitalized children. Age at the time of tracheostomy ranged from 2 weeks to 17.5 years (on average 67.9±59.84 months, Me=47.5 months), and 36.2% of children had tracheostomy was done on the 1^st year of life. 126 (91.3%) patients required prolonged tracheal intubation prior to tracheostomy placement; the duration of intubation ranged from 1 to 95 days (on average 19.9±13.42 days, Me=14 days). The main reasons of tracheostomy were the need for long-term mechanical ventilation/respiratory support; the need for constant sanitation of the lower respiratory tract with bulbar/pseudobulbar disorders; upper respiratory paths obstruction. The diseases that led to this condition can be grouped into 4 categories: CNS pathology - 76 (55.1%) patients; brain / spinal cord tumors - 36 (26.1%); neurodystrophy and stenosis of the upper respiratory tract of various etiology - 13 (9.4% each) patients. 68.1% of patients were found incurable and required palliative care. Mortality among patients with a known catamnesis was 39.1%, mainly due to progression of the underlying disease; the lethality associated with tracheal cannulation was 1.4%.

Currently, pediatric tracheostomy is moving into the category of predominantly planned surgical interventions. More than 2/3 of children requiring tracheostomy are patients in need of palliative care with severe pathology of the central nervous system; in which the main indications for surgery are the need for respiration support and regular tracheobronchial care..