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Related Concept Videos

Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

351
Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
351
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
313
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

166
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

184
Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
184
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

3.4K
Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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[Epistaxis and arterial hypertension: a pathogenic link].

N V Boiko1

  • 1Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.

Vestnik Otorinolaringologii
|March 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Hypertension causes nasal mucosa vessel changes leading to recurrent nosebleeds (epistaxis). These vascular issues, not high blood pressure itself, are the primary cause of epistaxis in hypertensive individuals.

Keywords:
endotheliumepistaxishistological studyhypertensionultrastructure

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Area of Science:

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Hypertension Research

Background:

  • Recurrent epistaxis is a common complication in hypertensive patients.
  • The precise mechanisms linking hypertension to epistaxis require further elucidation.
  • Nasal mucosa vascular integrity is crucial for preventing hemorrhage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the microvascular changes in the nasal mucosa of hypertensive patients with recurrent epistaxis.
  • To determine the underlying pathological factors contributing to epistaxis in this patient cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 78 hypertensive patients (50-70 years old) with epistaxis, divided into single (n=46) and recurrent (n=32) groups.
  • Excluded patients with diabetes, coagulopathy, or on anticoagulants.
  • Performed septoplasty and mucoperichondrium biopsy in 14 patients with deviated septa; conducted histological and ultrastructural analyses.

Main Results:

  • Histology revealed epithelial erosions and necrotic patches extending into deeper mucosal layers.
  • Microvasculature showed endothelial dystrophy, desquamation, and thrombus formation (erythrocytes, fibrin).
  • Ultrastructural analysis confirmed capillary endothelial dystrophy and erythrocyte sludge (rheological disorders).

Conclusions:

  • Epistaxis in hypertensive patients is primarily caused by long-term hypertension-induced vascular changes in the nasal mucosa.
  • These vascular alterations, including endothelial damage and rheological issues, predispose to bleeding.
  • Elevated arterial pressure is not the direct cause but exacerbates pre-existing vascular pathology.