[Pellagra: an ancient disease in a modern world]

Area of Science:

• Nutritional Immunology
• Dermatology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Pellagra is a systemic disease caused by Vitamin B3 (niacin) or tryptophan deficiency.
• It classically presents with dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.
• While historically common, restrictive diets have led to a resurgence of pellagra cases.

Observation:

• A case study of a young, strict vegan female patient diagnosed with pellagra.
• The patient received early treatment with positive results.
• This case highlights the importance of nutritional assessment in modern clinical practice.

Findings:

• Clinical suspicion and targeted history-taking are crucial for diagnosing rare conditions like pellagra.
• Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in vegan diets, can lead to severe health issues.
• Prompt intervention is key to managing pellagra and preventing severe complications.

Implications:

• Healthcare providers should consider pellagra in patients with compatible symptoms, especially those on restrictive diets.
• Increased awareness of nutritional deficiencies associated with veganism is necessary.
• Early diagnosis and treatment of pellagra can lead to excellent patient outcomes.