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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Diffusion01:12

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

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A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
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Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

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Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
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Evolution of anisotropic diffusion in two-dimensional heterogeneous environments.

Emeric Bouin1,2, Guillaume Legendre3,4, Yuan Lou3,4

  • 1CEREMADE, UMR CNRS 7534, Université Paris-Dauphine, Place du Maréchal De Lattre De Tassigny, Université PSL, 75775, Paris cedex 16, France. bouin@ceremade.dauphine.fr.

Journal of Mathematical Biology
|March 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Species in heterogeneous environments evolve to move in one direction, favoring areas with less resource variation. This challenges random diffusion, suggesting specialized dispersal strategies are evolutionarily stable.

Keywords:
Dispersal evolutionReaction-diffusion systemsSelection

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Mathematical Biology

Background:

  • Ecological systems involve competing populations with dispersal strategies.
  • Environmental heterogeneity significantly influences population dynamics and evolution.
  • Previous research indicates random diffusion is often selected against in variable environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate evolutionarily stable dispersal strategies for competing populations in 2D heterogeneous environments.
  • To determine optimal movement patterns based on resource distribution variation.
  • To compare findings with existing theories on dispersal evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling a two-population system with differing horizontal and vertical movement probabilities.
  • Analyzing dispersal probabilities as evolutionary strategies.
  • Identifying evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) through mathematical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Evolutionarily stable strategies favor unidirectional movement.
  • Species benefit from choosing directions with lower resource distribution variance.
  • Unidirectional movement is favored over random diffusion in heterogeneous habitats.

Conclusions:

  • Unidirectional dispersal is an evolutionarily stable strategy in heterogeneous environments.
  • Resource distribution predictability influences optimal dispersal.
  • Findings support the selection against random diffusion and suggest broader dispersal strategies for heterogeneous habitats.