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Circulating proteins associated with allergy development in infants-an exploratory analysis.

Marit Stockfelt1, Mun-Gwan Hong2, Bill Hesselmar3

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Clinical Proteomics
|March 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Early life blood tests can predict childhood allergies. A panel of 27 proteins, sampled at one month, combined with farm environment data, identifies children at risk for developing allergies.

Keywords:
Allergic rhinitisAllergyAsthmaAtopic dermatitisChildrenFood hypersensitivityLongitudinal profilingPlasma proteomicsPredictionRisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Predictive biomarkers for childhood allergy development are currently lacking.
  • The optimal age for sampling to identify these biomarkers remains unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel circulating proteins in early life associated with allergy risk or protection.
  • To determine the ideal age for sampling to predict allergy development up to age 8.

Main Methods:

  • Exploratory proteomics analysis of plasma from a prospective birth cohort (FARMFLORA).
  • Longitudinal blood sampling from birth to 8 years, with 230 proteins profiled using a multiplexed assay.
  • Statistical analysis including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Lasso logistic regression, and random forest modeling.

Main Results:

  • PCA revealed distinct protein profile clusters separating early-life samples (birth, 1 month) from later samples.
  • Predictive models for allergy were most effective using data from 1-month-old infants.
  • A Lasso model with 27 proteins, including MHC class I molecules, interleukins, and chemokines, along with farm environment data, differentiated healthy children from those developing allergies.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating protein profiles obtained at one month of age can predict the development of allergic disease later in childhood.
  • Immune system-related proteins sampled early in life hold potential as predictive biomarkers for allergic conditions.