Perceived Success in Upper-Extremity Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: A Qualitative Study

We performed a qualitative study to understand psychosocial factors associated with perceived success of upper-extremity vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). We interviewed transplant recipients and their primary caregivers.

We recruited 4 upper-extremity VCA recipients and primary caregivers for 3 of them. We conducted semistructured face-to-face interviews using a guide that explored participants' transplantation experiences. Topics included comparison of pretransplant and posttransplant expectations, reflections on factors contributing to the success of the transplant experience, and posttransplant rehabilitation and functioning. We performed a thematic analysis that produced a list of themes, subthemes, and proposed hypotheses explaining how the themes related to the study's guiding questions.

Participants described several factors as contributing to the success of the transplant experience, including developing realistic expectations about posttransplant function and lifelong immunosuppression, support from one's community and particularly the primary caregiver, and framing the experience in a positive light. Social, aesthetic, and other values unique to the hands, as opposed to prosthetics, motivated recipients to undergo VCA despite its inherent risk and uncertainties.

Despite inherent challenges, undergoing VCA was viewed as worthwhile to regain benefits unique to hands. Participants met the challenges of the transplant process through setting realistic expectations, strong social support, and a positive perspective.

Findings from this work may help clinicians and prospective patients to prepare for and set appropriate expectations of VCA.