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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
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Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
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Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

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The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation
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Imaging to assist fertility-sparing surgery.

N M deSouza1

  • 1Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, SM2 5NG, UK.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
|March 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Advanced MRI techniques improve early-stage cervical cancer detection and surgical planning. This imaging helps preserve fertility by accurately assessing tumor extent for fertility-sparing surgeries.

Keywords:
Cervix cancerEndovaginal coilMagnetic resonance imagingTrachelectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • Cervical cancer diagnosis is improving in young women due to screening.
  • Accurate disease staging is crucial for selecting fertility-sparing surgical options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for cervical cancer staging.
  • To determine if MRI can accurately assess tumor extent for fertility-sparing surgery planning.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI using an endovaginal coil.
  • Comparison of MRI measurements (tumor size, volume, endocervical canal length) with histological data.
  • Assessment of parametrial invasion using T2-weighted MRI and contrast-enhanced MRI.
  • Evaluation of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computerised tomography (18FDG PET-CT) for nodal assessment.

Main Results:

  • MRI accurately correlates tumor size and volume between observers and with histology.
  • No significant difference was found between MRI and histology for normal endocervical canal length.
  • T2-weighted MRI is effective for assessing parametrial invasion; DW imaging has limitations due to fat content.
  • Contrast-enhanced MRI offers no additional benefit over T2-weighted images for parametrial assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Endovaginal MRI provides high-resolution imaging for precise cervical cancer staging.
  • This MRI technique aids in planning fertility-sparing surgery, optimizing oncological outcomes and minimizing obstetric risks.
  • 18FDG PET-CT remains the standard for nodal staging in cervical cancer.