Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

3.7K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
3.7K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

28.8K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
28.8K
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

1.6K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
1.6K
Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

Energetics of Solution Formation

7.1K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
7.1K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

45.9K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
45.9K
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

25.8K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
25.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Porous Ni-based metal-organic frameworks reduce the oxygen evolution temperature of lithium perchlorate.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Quantum Coherence in a Perylene-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Potential Solid-State Qubits.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Reversible color switching of bright phosphorescence in purely organic materials for advanced data encryption.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Transitioning Formamide Solvothermal Syntheses of MOFs to Less Toxic Solvents.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Elucidating the molecular structural origin of efficient emission across solid and solution phases of single benzene fluorophores.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Validation and Mechanistic Studies of the Headspace Effect in MOF Synthesis.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same journal

Design Principles for Negative Thermal Expansion in Two-Dimensional Materials.

Accounts of chemical research·2026
Same journal

Main Group Redox Catalysis: New Frontiers with Germanium and Tin.

Accounts of chemical research·2026
Same journal

Taming Irreversibility in sp<sup>2</sup>-Carbon-Conjugated COFs from Polycrystalline Powders to Single Crystals and Thin Films.

Accounts of chemical research·2026
Same journal

Electroactive Imidazolium Ionic Liquids in Organic Synthesis.

Accounts of chemical research·2026
Same journal

Calix[4]resorcinarene-Based Porous Organic Cages: Synthesis and Applications.

Accounts of chemical research·2026
Same journal

Light-Driven Dual Rotary Molecular Motors and Beyond.

Accounts of chemical research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

8.7K

Development and Evolution of Energetic Cocrystals.

Jonathan C Bennion1,2, Adam J Matzger1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|March 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cocrystallization offers a novel approach to developing advanced energetic materials by combining existing compounds. This method leverages established manufacturing processes to create new compositions with tailored properties like reduced sensitivity and enhanced performance.

More Related Videos

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: March 13, 2021

5.7K
Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
09:15

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering

Published on: August 14, 2018

10.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

8.7K
Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: March 13, 2021

5.7K
Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
09:15

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering

Published on: August 14, 2018

10.8K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Energetic materials are crucial for military and civilian applications, but developing new chemical entities is slow due to cost and safety constraints.
  • Leveraging existing manufacturing infrastructure is key to accelerating the discovery of new energetic materials.
  • Cocrystallization offers a promising strategy by assembling multiple components in the solid state to create novel compositions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate proof-of-principle for cocrystallization of energetic materials.
  • To explore the impact of cocrystallization on material properties such as density, sensitivity, and morphology.
  • To investigate the potential for cocrystallization to enhance performance and manufacturability of energetic materials.

Main Methods:

  • Formation of cocrystals using well-established energetic materials like 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX).
  • Utilizing non-energetic coformers and exploring intermolecular interactions, including halogen bonding, for assembling energetic components.
  • Analyzing the resulting cocrystals for altered properties and performance characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Cocrystals of TNT and HMX with non-energetic coformers were successfully synthesized, exhibiting modified density, sensitivity, and morphology.
  • Cocrystals formed between two energetic components demonstrated the potential for novel intermolecular interactions to drive assembly.
  • The study highlights the feasibility of using existing, cost-effective energetic materials to create new compositions with improved safety profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Cocrystallization is a viable strategy for developing advanced energetic materials with tunable properties.
  • Further research is needed to develop predictive models for identifying suitable crystallization partners and understanding cocrystal behavior.
  • This approach holds significant potential for pushing the boundaries of explosive performance and manufacturability.