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DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Understanding the Impact of Temperate Bacteriophages on Their Lysogens Through Transcriptomics
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Research progress of prophages.

Xuemei Chen1, Yunlin Wei1, Xiuling Ji1

  • 1Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.

Yi Chuan = Hereditas
|March 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteriophages (phages) have a complex relationship with bacteria. Prophages, integrated phage DNA, influence bacterial traits like virulence and immunity, impacting host-microbe interactions.

Keywords:
anti-CRISPR proteinlysogenic conversionprophagequorum sensingvirulence

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Bacteriophages (phages) are abundant biological entities, traditionally viewed as bacterial antagonists.
  • Genomics and molecular biology reveal a complex relationship between phages and their bacterial hosts.
  • Prophages are intracellular phage forms integrated into host genomes, ubiquitously distributed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prediction, distribution, classification, and functions of prophages.
  • To understand the intricate interactions between phages and bacteria.
  • To provide a foundation for future research on phage-host dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on prophage biology.
  • Analysis of genomic data for prophage distribution and characteristics.
  • Classification of prophages based on their genomic features and functions.

Main Results:

  • Prophages are ubiquitous in bacterial genomes and reproduce with the host.
  • Prophages significantly impact bacterial properties, including virulence, biofilm formation, and immunity.
  • Prophages regulate the lysogeny-lytic cycle via bacterial quorum sensing and encode anti-CRISPR proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Prophages play a crucial role in bacterial biology and evolution.
  • Understanding prophage functions is key to deciphering phage-host interactions.
  • Further research into prophages will illuminate microbial community dynamics and phage-host interplay.