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Mitophagy: An Emerging Target in Ocular Pathology.

Jessica M Skeie1,2, Darryl Y Nishimura1,2, Cheryl L Wang1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.

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Mitochondrial homeostasis, including mitophagy, is crucial for eye health. Impaired mitophagy is linked to various ophthalmic diseases, suggesting it as a therapeutic target.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Mitochondrial Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondrial function is vital for cellular energy production, metabolism, and signaling.
  • Mitochondria undergo continuous regeneration and clearance via mitophagy.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired mitophagy are implicated in several eye diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mitochondrial homeostasis, dynamics (fission/fusion), and mitophagy mechanisms.
  • To examine ocular diseases associated with impaired mitophagy.
  • To highlight mitophagy as a potential therapeutic target for eye conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on mitochondrial homeostasis and mitophagy.
  • Analysis of studies investigating ocular diseases and mitochondrial dysfunction.
  • Presentation of data from cell culture, animal, and human tissue models.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial dynamics (fission/fusion) and mitophagy are key to cellular health.
  • Impaired mitophagy is a common feature in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration.
  • Ocular phenotypes in primary mitochondrial diseases also show impaired mitophagy.

Conclusions:

  • Mitophagy impairment is a significant factor in ophthalmic disease pathology.
  • Targeting mitophagy presents a promising therapeutic strategy for ocular diseases involving oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.