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Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft

Published on: June 6, 2025

Does vitamin C supplementation improve rotator cuff healing? A preliminary study.

M Martel¹, P Laumonerie², M Girard²

¹Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Hôpital Pierre Paul Riquet, Place Baylac, 31059, Toulouse Cedex09, France. martel.m@chu-toulouse.fr.

European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology : Orthopedie Traumatologie

|March 16, 2021

Summary

Postoperative vitamin C (VC) supplementation showed a trend towards improving tendon healing after rotator cuff repair. Further research with larger patient groups is needed to confirm these findings for vitamin C (VC) in tendon repair.

Keywords:

Antioxidant Rotator cuff Tendon healing Vitamin C

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Biomedical Science
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Rotator cuff repair complications include tendon non-healing.
Vitamin C (VC) is hypothesized to promote tendon healing via antioxidant and collagen synthesis roles.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effect of postoperative vitamin C (VC) supplementation on tendon healing after rotator cuff repair.

Main Methods:

Randomized prospective study of 98 patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.
Two groups: VC+ (500 mg/day PO for 45 days) and VC- (no supplementation).
Tendon healing assessed by Sugaya ultrasound classification at 6 months postoperatively.

Main Results:

No significant difference in overall postoperative outcomes between groups.
Overall tendon non-healing rate was 17% at 6.3 months follow-up.
Non-healing rate was 23% in VC- group vs. 11% in VC+ group (p=0.2).

Conclusions:

Vitamin C (VC) supplementation demonstrated a trend towards improved tendon healing after rotator cuff repair.
Larger prospective studies are required to validate the efficacy of VC supplementation in tendon healing.