[SAPHO syndrome : An overview and nosological differentiation of 35 disease cases]

The SAPHO syndrome is not a single entity but an inhomogeneous, nosologically heterogeneous complex of symptoms with unknown etiology and heterogeneous pathogenesis. Clinically subacute, recurrent or chronic disease processes and a common skin-bone association (skibo disease) can be found. Under the acronym SAPHO, chronically recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is the most common disease that can occur in youth as well as adolescence. Spondylarthritis hyperostotica pustulo-psoriatica with the triad palmoplantar pustulosis, sternoclavicular hyperostosis and ossifying spinal manifestations is the most common SAPHO form found in adults. Abortive disease forms are the inflammatory anterior chest wall syndrome, extended sternoclavicular hyperostosis syndrome of the clavicle bone, acne CRMO and acne spondylarthritis. The SAPHO disease usually heals with a relatively favorable prognosis but there are also unfavorable courses with functional limitations. The diagnosis should be made based on clinical examination, imaging (x-ray, scintigraphy, magnetic resonance imaging) and/or histological bone biopsy analysis. Treatment should be interdisciplinary. Antibiotic treatment is obsolete. This article provides an overview of the SAPHO syndrome and a clinical-rheumatological imaging differentiation as well as classification of 35 cases at first presentation.