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Land subsidence: A global challenge.

Mehdi Bagheri-Gavkosh1, Seiyed Mossa Hosseini2, Behzad Ataie-Ashtiani3

  • 1Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering Department, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 31587-77871, Karaj, Iran.

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|March 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Land subsidence (LS) is a global geohazard, with human activities, particularly groundwater extraction, driving most cases. This review analyzes 290 studies, highlighting coastal plains and deltas as vulnerable areas and recommending improved monitoring and mitigation strategies.

Keywords:
Compressible aquiferEarth surfaceGeohazardGroundwater pumpingGroundwater withdrawalLand subsidence

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Area of Science:

  • Geosciences
  • Environmental Science
  • Geohazards

Background:

  • Land subsidence (LS) is a significant global environmental and geological concern.
  • A review of 290 case studies worldwide, primarily in major metropolitan areas, was conducted.
  • The study examines the spatial distribution, impacts, and drivers of LS globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review and analyze global Land subsidence (LS) cases.
  • To scrutinize the spatial distribution, impacts, and influential factors of LS.
  • To investigate worldwide mitigation efforts and provide future research guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of 290 published LS case studies from 41 countries.
  • Analysis of spatial distribution of LS characteristics, impacts, and influencing factors.
  • Investigation of monitoring techniques (spaceborne vs. ground-based) and human-induced factors.

Main Results:

  • Coastal plains and river deltas are high-frequency subsided areas (~47%).
  • Human activities cause 76.92% of LS cases, with groundwater extraction being the primary driver (59.75%).
  • Strong correlations found between LS rate and groundwater withdrawal (R²=0.950) and level decline (R²=0.888).

Conclusions:

  • Land subsidence is predominantly a human-induced geohazard, strongly linked to groundwater management practices.
  • Spaceborne monitoring is more prevalent than ground-based investigations for LS.
  • Developing a framework for LS interpretation, forecasting, and mitigation is crucial for managing this geohazard.