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    Area of Science:

    • Electromagnetic theory
    • Computational physics
    • Materials science

    Background:

    • Electromagnetic (EM) scattering in absorbing media is crucial for many applications.
    • Conventional EM scattering theories and methods are often inadequate for absorbing environments and non-spherical particles.
    • Existing research is largely limited to spherical particles.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) for EM scattering by arbitrary particles in absorbing host media.
    • To extend the applicability of EM scattering calculations to complex scenarios.
    • To investigate the phenomenon of negative apparent extinction.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) for absorbing host media.
    • Calculation of near- and far-field scattering quantities using DDA.
    • Validation of DDA against exact Mie theory for spherical particles.
    • Application of DDA to study EM extinction by non-absorbing spheroids.

    Main Results:

    • The DDA method accurately calculates EM scattering by arbitrary particles in absorbing media.
    • DDA results for spherical particles show good agreement with Mie theory.
    • Prolonged non-absorbing spheroids in the incident direction can exhibit negative apparent extinction.
    • Near-field electric field distributions support the findings on negative apparent extinction.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed DDA method is a flexible and accurate tool for studying EM scattering in absorbing media.
    • The findings provide new insights into EM extinction phenomena for non-spherical particles.
    • This work expands the capabilities for analyzing complex EM scattering scenarios.