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The Fourier series is instrumental in representing periodic functions, offering a powerful method to decompose such functions into a sum of sinusoids. This technique, however, necessitates modification when applied to nonperiodic functions. Consider a pulse-train waveform consisting of a series of rectangular pulses. When these pulses have a finite period, they can be accurately represented by a Fourier series. Yet, as the period approaches infinity, resulting in a single, isolated pulse, the...
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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Spatial optical Fourier filtering is crucial for in situ image and light field processing.
    • Conventional filters offer limited, inflexible control due to fixed patterns or mechanical irises.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce novel electrochromic spatial filters with individually addressable and continuously tunable segments.
    • To demonstrate a new fabrication process for seamless electrochromic segments.
    • To showcase the application of these filters in optical Fourier transform setups.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of electrochromic devices with ring-shaped or directional segments.
    • Development of a novel process to create seamless, gap-free electrochromic segments.
    • Integration and testing of the filters in an optical Fourier transform system.

    Main Results:

    • Two types of electrochromic spatial filters (ring-shaped and directional) were successfully realized.
    • Filters allow individually addressed and continuously tuned transmission, offering up to 512 distinct filtering states.
    • A novel fabrication technique overcame challenges in creating gap-free electrochromic segments.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed electrochromic spatial filters provide flexible and precise control for optical Fourier filtering.
    • The novel fabrication method enables high-performance, seamless electrochromic filter segments.
    • These filters represent a significant advancement for in situ image and light field processing applications.